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Will と Would

Will と would は、英語で未来の意図、予測、意欲、習慣、丁寧な依頼を表現する基本的な助動詞です。これらの多用途な助動詞は、計画について話し合い、予測を立て、援助の意思を表明し、フォーマルおよびインフォーマルな状況で丁寧にコミュニケーションを取るために不可欠です。それぞれの複数の機能を理解することは、効果的な英語コミュニケーションに不可欠です。

Will は主に未来の出来事に関連していますが、意欲、拒否、習慣的行動も表現します。Would は、丁寧な依頼、過去の習慣、仮定的状況、好みなど、複数の機能を果たします。両方の助動詞は、さまざまな文脈で異なる程度の確実性、丁寧さ、形式性を表現するために不可欠です。

これらの助動詞は、外交的に依頼をし、適切な確実性をもって未来の計画を表現し、仮定的なシナリオを議論し、行動のパターンを説明することを可能にすることで、複雑な社会的相互作用をナビゲートするのに役立ちます。トーンと丁寧さが重要な専門的なコミュニケーション、学術的な執筆、日常会話に不可欠なツールです。

Will と would をマスターすることで、未来の意図を表現し、丁寧な依頼をし、可能性を議論し、適切なレベルの形式性と確実性でコミュニケーションするための洗練されたツールが得られます。これらの助動詞は、英語環境で効果的かつ適切にコミュニケーションしたい人にとって基本的なものです。

形成

Will

主語 + will + 動詞の原形

未来の計画、予測、意欲、拒否、習慣

未来:

  • I will call you tomorrow.
  • She 'll arrive at six.
  • We will finish next week.
  • They 'll be here soon.

意欲:

  • I will help you move.
  • She will lend you money.
  • We won't give up.
  • They will support us.

疑問文:

  • Will you help me?
  • Will she be there?
  • Won't they come?
  • What will happen?

Would

主語 + would + 動詞の原形

丁寧な依頼、過去の習慣、仮定的状況、好み

丁寧な依頼:

  • Would you help me?
  • Would you mind closing the door?
  • I would like some coffee.
  • Would it be possible to...?

過去の習慣:

  • I would walk to school daily.
  • She would always be late.
  • We wouldn't eat meat then.
  • They would visit every summer.

仮定:

  • I would travel more if I could.
  • She would be perfect for this job.
  • What would you do?
  • That wouldn't work here.

進行形

主語 + will/would + be + -ing

進行中の未来の行動と現在の活動についての丁寧な推測

Will be + -ing:

  • I will be working late tonight.
  • She 'll be travelling next month.
  • We will be living abroad soon.
  • They won't be attending the meeting.

Would be + -ing:

  • I would be studying now if I were you.
  • She would be working if she felt better.
  • We would be celebrating in normal times.
  • They wouldn't be complaining usually.

よくある間違い

❌ "I will to help you."

✅ "I will help you."

Will の後には動詞の原形が続き、'to' 付きの不定詞ではありません

❌ "Would you can help me?"

✅ "Would you help me? / Could you help me?"

助動詞を組み合わせないでください – 一つを使うか言い換えてください

❌ "I would like to going there."

✅ "I would like to go there."

'would like to' の後には不定詞の原形を使用します

❌ "Will you like some coffee? (申し出として)"

✅ "Would you like some coffee?"

丁寧な申し出には 'would like' を使い、'will like' ではありません

❌ "commonMistakes.mistakes.4.incorrect"

✅ "commonMistakes.mistakes.4.correct"

commonMistakes.mistakes.4.explanation

依頼の丁寧さレベル

最も正式なものから最も正式でないものまで:

I wonder if you would mind...非常に正式
Would it be possible to...?正式
Would you mind...?丁寧で正式
Would you...?標準的に丁寧
Will you...?直接的だが丁寧
Can you...?カジュアル

未来形の比較: Will 対 Going To 対 Present Continuous

Will:

  • 自発的な決定: "I'll answer the phone"
  • 予測: "It will rain tomorrow"
  • 約束: "I will help you"
  • 意欲: "I will do it"

Going to:

  • 計画された決定: "I'm going to study tonight"
  • 証拠のある予測: "It's going to rain"(暗い雲)
  • 意図: "I'm going to learn Spanish"

Present Continuous:

  • 確定した約束: "I'm meeting her at 6"
  • 明確な計画: "We're flying to Paris tomorrow"
  • 予定されたイベント: "The train is leaving at 9"

異なる文脈での Would

丁寧な依頼:

""Would you help me with this?"("Will you help me?" よりも丁寧)"

過去の習慣:

""When I was young, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.""

仮定:

""If I were rich, I would travel the world."(仮定法過去)"

好み:

""I would rather stay home tonight." / "I would prefer tea to coffee.""

間接話法:

She said she would call me later.(元々は "I will call you later")

過去の習慣: Would 対 Used To

Would(繰り返される行動のみ):

  • ✅ "I would walk to school every day"
  • ✅ "She would always be late"
  • ❌ "I would live in London"(状態であって行動ではない)
  • ❌ "I would have long hair"(恒久的な状態)

Used to(行動と状態):

  • ✅ "I used to walk to school every day"
  • ✅ "She used to always be late"
  • ✅ "I used to live in London"
  • ✅ "I used to have long hair"

クイックリファレンスガイド

重要ポイント:

  • Will: 未来の計画、自発的決定、意欲、予測
  • Would: 丁寧な依頼、過去の習慣、仮定的状況、好み
  • 丁寧さ: 依頼には will より would の方が丁寧
  • 未来形: Will(自発的)、going to(計画的)、present continuous(約束済み)
  • 過去の習慣: 繰り返される行動には would、行動と状態には used to
  • 拒否: Won't/wouldn't は不本意または機能しないものを表現
  • 条件文: Would は仮定法過去で不可欠(If I were...)
  • 申し出: "Would you like...?" であって "Will you like...?" ではない
  • 進行形: 進行中の未来/仮定的行動には will/would be + -ing

Practice Exercises


Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.


Downloadable PDF


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