過去形
過去形は、過去に完了した行動と状況について話すために使われます。英語で最も一般的に使われる時制の一つです。
過去形には、'be'動詞を使うかどうかによって異なる形があります。'be'動詞は過去に2つの形を持ちます（was/were）。他の動詞は、通常の過去形（-edで終わる）または不規則な過去形を使います。
作り方
'be'を使った肯定文
'be'動詞は過去形で2つの形を持ちます：'was'（I、he、she、itの場合）と'were'（you、we、theyの場合）。
| 主語 | 'be'動詞 |
|---|---|
| I | was happy yesterday |
| You | were at home last night |
| He/She/It | was tired after work |
| We | were students in 2020 |
| You (plural) | were late for the meeting |
| They | were friends at university |
| The film | was excellent |
'be'を使った否定文
'be'を使った否定文を作るには、was/wereの後に'not'を加えます。短縮形は話し言葉でよく使われます。
| 完全形 | 短縮形 |
|---|---|
| I was not there | I wasn't there |
| You were not ready | You weren't ready |
| He was not happy | He wasn't happy |
| She was not at the party | She wasn't at the party |
| It was not difficult | It wasn't difficult |
| We were not colleagues | We weren't colleagues |
| They were not pleased | They weren't pleased |
'be'を使ったはい/いいえの質問
'be'を使った質問を作るには、was/wereを主語の前に置きます。
例文：
- Was I late for the meeting?
- Were you at the concert last night?
- Was he angry about the decision?
- Was she your teacher?
- Was it expensive?
- Were we on the same team?
- Were they at home yesterday?
'be'を使った疑問詞の質問
疑問詞の質問は、疑問詞（who、what、where、when、why、how）で始まり、その後にwas/wereと主語が続きます。
例文：
- Where was I when you called?
- Why were you absent yesterday?
- Who was he with at the restaurant?
- How was she after the operation?
- What was it like in London?
- When were we supposed to meet?
- Where were they last weekend?
他の動詞を使った肯定文
他の動詞の場合は、過去形を使います。通常の動詞は-edを追加しますが、不規則動詞は特別な過去形を持ちます。
| 不定詞 | 過去形 |
|---|---|
| work | I worked late last night |
| play | You played football yesterday |
| go | He went to Paris last week |
| eat | She ate breakfast at 7 o'clock |
| finish | We finished the project on Friday |
| buy | They bought a new car |
| see | I saw that film last month |
他の動詞を使った否定文
否定文を作るには、'did not'（didn't）+動詞の原形を使います。
| 完全形 | 短縮形 |
|---|---|
| I did not work yesterday | I didn't work yesterday |
| You did not call me | You didn't call me |
| He did not go to school | He didn't go to school |
| She did not eat lunch | She didn't eat lunch |
| It did not rain | It didn't rain |
| We did not finish on time | We didn't finish on time |
| They did not like the food | They didn't like the food |
他の動詞を使ったはい/いいえの質問
質問を作るには、'Did' + 主語 + 動詞の原形を使います。
例文：
- Did I leave my keys here?
- Did you enjoy the film?
- Did he pass the exam?
- Did she call you yesterday?
- Did it work properly?
- Did we meet last year?
- Did they arrive on time?
他の動詞を使った疑問詞の質問
疑問詞で始めてから、'did' + 主語 + 動詞の原形を使います。
例文：
- Where did I put my phone?
- When did you move to London?
- Why did he leave early?
- What did she say?
- How did it happen?
- Who did we invite to the party?
- Where did they go on holiday?
使い方
練習問題
Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.
Downloadable PDF
PDF versions for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the materials and will make them accessible as soon as possible.
関連レッスン
How to use the past simple
Understand when to use the past simple for events, stories, and past facts.
Past Simple or Past Continuous
Learn how to talk about completed actions and actions in progress in the past.
Past Continuous
Learn how to describe actions in progress at a specific moment on the past.
Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple
See when to talk about life experiences vs completed past events.