現在完了形
現在完了形は過去と現在をつなぐために使われます。have / has + 過去分詞で作ります。ほとんどの動詞について、過去分詞はPast Simpleの形と同じです（例えば、play → played）。
スペルが変わる動詞もあります（例えば、study → studied）。多くは不規則です（例えば、go → gone、write → written）。不規則動詞の完全なリストは、下の関連レッスンで見つけることができます。
現在完了形の作り方
肯定文
肯定文を作るには、have / has + 過去分詞を使用します。
| 完全形 | 短縮形 |
|---|---|
| I have played | I've played |
| You have worked | You've worked |
| He has written | He's written |
| She has walked | She's walked |
| It has rained | It's rained |
| We have travelled | We've travelled |
| They have studied | They've studied |
否定文
否定文を作るには、have または has の後に not を加えます。
| 完全形 | 短縮形 |
|---|---|
| I have not eaten breakfast today | I haven't eaten |
| You have not been to Asia | You haven't been |
| He has not seen the new film | He hasn't seen |
| She has not played tennis | She hasn't played |
| It has not snowed this winter | It hasn't snowed |
| We have not slept all night | We haven't slept |
| They have not tried the food | They haven't tried |
はい/いいえの質問
質問を作るには、have / has を主語の前に置きます。
例文：
- Have I missed the bus?
- Have you visited London?
- Has he worked as a waiter before?
- Has she met John?
- Has it been cold this week?
- Have we arrived too early?
- Have they studied English grammar before?
疑問詞の質問
疑問詞の質問の場合、have / has の前に疑問詞を置きます。
例文：
- Where have I left my umbrella?
- What have you done today?
- Why has he gone already?
- Where has she been in the UK?
- Why has it rained so much this summer?
- What have we done?
- Where have they learned English before?
現在完了形をいつ使うのか？
用法に焦点を当てます： 現在完了形の使い方
練習問題
Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.
Downloadable PDF
PDF versions for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the materials and will make them accessible as soon as possible.
関連レッスン
Present Perfect Continuous
Learn how to describe ongoing actions that started in the past and continue now.
Present Perfect or Past Simple
See when to talk about life experience vs completed actions.
Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous
Learn when to focus on results and when to focus on ongoing activity.