Can, Could, Be Able To
Can, could, be able to๋ ์์ด์์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ, ํ๊ฐ, ์์ฒญ์ ํํํ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๋์ฌ์ ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ค์ฉ๋ ์กฐ๋์ฌ๋ค์ ์ ์คํ ์์ฌ์ํต๊ณผ ์ค์ฉ์ ์ธ ํํ์ ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํ์ฌ, ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ, ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ์คํ๊ฒ ์์ฒญํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ ผ์ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ํด์ค๋๋ค.
์ด ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ํํ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฏธ๋ฌํ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ด ์์ด ์์ฌ์ํต์ ํ์์ ์ ๋๋ค. Can์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ ๋น๊ฒฉ์์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, could๋ ์ ์คํจ๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๋ํ๊ณ , be able to๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์์ ์ ๊ฒฉ์ ์์ค์์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ์๋ํ๋ ํน์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ์กฐ๋์ฌ๋ค์ ์์ด ํ์ต์๊ฐ ์ฒ์ ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ๋ค ์ค ํ๋์ด์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ ์ ์ฒด ์ฉ๋ ๋ฒ์๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ํจ์ฌ ๋์ด ํ์ฅ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์์ฒญ์์ ๋ค์ํ ์ ์คํจ์ ์ ๋, ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๋ํ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์ค์ ํ์ค์ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋๊ตฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ํ๋ฝ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ด์ ๋ฏธ๋ฌํ ๊ตฌ๋ณ์ ํํํฉ๋๋ค.
Can, could, be able to๋ฅผ ๋ง์คํฐํ๋ฉด ๊ฒฉ์์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋ ๋น๊ฒฉ์์ ์ธ ์ํฉ ๋ชจ๋์์ ์ ์คํ๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ ์ ํํํ ์ ์๋ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์กฐ๋์ฌ๋ค์ ์์ฒญํ๊ธฐ, ๋ฅ๋ ฅ ๋ ผ์ํ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ ํ๊ตฌํ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ ์ ํจ์ผ๋ก ์์ด๊ถ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ณต์กํ ์ฌํ์ ์ญํ์ ํ์ํ๋ ๋ฐ ํ์์ ์ ๋๋ค.
ํํ
Can
์ฃผ์ด + can + ๋์ฌ ์ํ
ํ์ฌ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ, ๋น๊ฒฉ์์ ํ๊ฐ/์์ฒญ
๊ธ์ ๋ฌธ:
- I can swim very well.
- She can speak French fluently.
- We can help you tomorrow.
- They can come to the party.
๋ถ์ ๋ฌธ:
- I can't drive yet.
- She cannot attend the meeting.
- We can't afford that holiday.
- They can't solve this problem.
์๋ฌธ๋ฌธ:
- Can you help me?
- Can she come with us?
- Can we leave early?
- Can they understand English?
Could
์ฃผ์ด + could + ๋์ฌ ์ํ
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ์ ์คํ ์์ฒญ, ์ ์, ์ฝํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ:
- I could swim when I was five.
- She could speak German before.
- We couldn't afford it then.
- They could see the mountain clearly.
์ ์คํ ์์ฒญ:
- Could you help me, please?
- Could I borrow your pen?
- Could we meet tomorrow?
- Could you speak more slowly?
์ ์:
- We could go to the cinema.
- You could try calling her.
- They could take the train instead.
- She could ask for help.
Be Able To
์ฃผ์ด + be ๋์ฌ (am/is/are/was/were/will be) + able to + ๋์ฌ ์ํ
๋ชจ๋ ์์ ์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฒฉ์์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ๋ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋์ฌ ๋ค
ํ์ฌ:
- I am able to work late tonight.
- She is able to speak five languages.
- We aren't able to attend.
- They are able to help us.
๋ฏธ๋:
- I will be able to drive next year.
- She won't be able to come.
- We will be able to finish tomorrow.
- Will you be able to help?
์๋ฃํ:
- I have been able to improve.
- She had been able to work.
- We might be able to come.
- They should be able to help.
ํผํด์ผ ํ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ์ค์
โ "I can to speak English."
โ "I can speak English."
์กฐ๋์ฌ ๋ค์ 'to'๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์ - ๋์ฌ ์ํ์ด ๋ค๋ฐ๋ฆ ๋๋ค
โ "She cans play piano very well."
โ "She can play piano very well."
์กฐ๋์ฌ๋ ํํ๊ฐ ๋ณํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค - 3์ธ์นญ ๋จ์์ 's'๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค
โ "I will can help you tomorrow."
โ "I will be able to help you tomorrow."
๋ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋์ฌ ๋ค์๋ 'can'์ด ์๋ 'be able to'๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ธ์
โ "Could you to explain this?"
โ "Could you explain this?"
์๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์์ 'could' ๋ค์ 'to'๋ฅผ ์ถ๊ฐํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์
โ "I have can swim since childhood."
โ "I have been able to swim since childhood."
์๋ฃ ์์ ์์๋ 'can'์ด ์๋ 'been able to'๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ธ์
์์ฒญ์์์ ์ ์คํจ ์์ค
๊ฒฉ์ ์์ (์น๊ตฌ/๊ฐ์กฑ):
- Can you help me?
- Can I borrow this?
- Can we go now?
์ ์คํจ (๋๋ฃ/์ง์ธ):
- Could you help me, please?
- Could I possibly borrow this?
- Could we leave a bit early?
๋งค์ฐ ์ ์คํจ (๊ฒฉ์์ ์ํฉ):
- Would you be able to help me?
- I wonder if I could borrow this?
- Would it be possible to leave early?
Could ๋ Was/Were Able To (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ)
Could (์ผ๋ฐ์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ):
- When I was young, I could run very fast. (had the ability)
- She could speak French when she lived in Paris. (general skill)
- We couldn't afford holidays then. (general situation)
Was/were able to (ํน์ ์ฑ์ทจ):
- Yesterday I was able to run 10km. (successful specific action)
- She was able to translate the document. (accomplished the task)
- We were able to buy a house last year. (achieved the goal)
๋ฏธ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ ํํํ๊ธฐ
Will be able to (ํ์คํ ๋ฏธ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ):
"After the course, I will be able to use advanced Excel functions."
Might be able to (๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋ฏธ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ):
"I might be able to come to the party if I finish work early."
Should be able to (์์๋๋ ๋ฏธ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ):
"The new system should be able to handle more users."
๋น ๋ฅธ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๊ฐ์ด๋
ํต์ฌ ํฌ์ธํธ:
- Can: ํ์ฌ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ๋น๊ฒฉ์์ ์์ฒญ, ์ผ๋ฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ
- Could: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ์ ์คํ ์์ฒญ, ์ ์, ์ฝํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ
- Be able to: ๋ชจ๋ ์์ , ๊ฒฉ์์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ๋ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋์ฌ ๋ค
- ์ ์คํจ: Could๊ฐ ์์ฒญ์์ can๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์ ์คํฉ๋๋ค
- ๋ฏธ๋: ๋ฏธ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์๋ 'be able to'๋ง ์๋ํฉ๋๋ค
- ์๋ฃ ์์ : 'been able to'๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ณ , 'can'์ด๋ 'could'๋ ์ ๋ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์
- ์กฐ๋์ฌ ๋ค: Must be able to, should be able to, might be able to
- ๊ฒฉ์์ ๊ธ์ฐ๊ธฐ: ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ 'can'๋ณด๋ค 'be able to'๋ฅผ ์ ํธํ์ธ์
- ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ฑ์ทจ: ํน์ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ๋ํด์๋ 'could'๋ณด๋ค 'Was able to'๊ฐ ์ข ์ข ๋ ์ข์ต๋๋ค
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