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Can, Could, Be Able To

Can, could, be able to๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€, ์š”์ฒญ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์šฉ๋„ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์˜์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Can์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, could๋Š” ์ •์ค‘ํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ , be able to๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ „์ฒด ์šฉ๋„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„˜์–ด ํ™•์žฅ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ฒญ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ค‘ํ•จ์˜ ์ •๋„, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Can, could, be able to๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๊ถŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญํ•™์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜•ํƒœ

Can

์ฃผ์–ด + can + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•

ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์  ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€/์š”์ฒญ

๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ:

  • I can swim very well.
  • She can speak French fluently.
  • We can help you tomorrow.
  • They can come to the party.

๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ:

  • I can't drive yet.
  • She cannot attend the meeting.
  • We can't afford that holiday.
  • They can't solve this problem.

์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ:

  • Can you help me?
  • Can she come with us?
  • Can we leave early?
  • Can they understand English?

Could

์ฃผ์–ด + could + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ, ์ œ์•ˆ, ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ:

  • I could swim when I was five.
  • She could speak German before.
  • We couldn't afford it then.
  • They could see the mountain clearly.

์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ:

  • Could you help me, please?
  • Could I borrow your pen?
  • Could we meet tomorrow?
  • Could you speak more slowly?

์ œ์•ˆ:

  • We could go to the cinema.
  • You could try calling her.
  • They could take the train instead.
  • She could ask for help.

Be Able To

์ฃผ์–ด + be ๋™์‚ฌ (am/is/are/was/were/will be) + able to + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•

๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฒฉ์‹์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค

ํ˜„์žฌ:

  • I am able to work late tonight.
  • She is able to speak five languages.
  • We aren't able to attend.
  • They are able to help us.

๋ฏธ๋ž˜:

  • I will be able to drive next year.
  • She won't be able to come.
  • We will be able to finish tomorrow.
  • Will you be able to help?

์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•:

  • I have been able to improve.
  • She had been able to work.
  • We might be able to come.
  • They should be able to help.

ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜

โŒ "I can to speak English."

โœ… "I can speak English."

์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— 'to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” - ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โŒ "She cans play piano very well."

โœ… "She can play piano very well."

์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์— 's'๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โŒ "I will can help you tomorrow."

โœ… "I will be able to help you tomorrow."

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'can'์ด ์•„๋‹Œ 'be able to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”

โŒ "Could you to explain this?"

โœ… "Could you explain this?"

์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์—์„œ 'could' ๋’ค์— 'to'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”

โŒ "I have can swim since childhood."

โœ… "I have been able to swim since childhood."

์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” 'can'์ด ์•„๋‹Œ 'been able to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”

์š”์ฒญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์ค‘ํ•จ ์ˆ˜์ค€

๊ฒฉ์‹ ์—†์Œ (์นœ๊ตฌ/๊ฐ€์กฑ):

  • Can you help me?
  • Can I borrow this?
  • Can we go now?

์ •์ค‘ํ•จ (๋™๋ฃŒ/์ง€์ธ):

  • Could you help me, please?
  • Could I possibly borrow this?
  • Could we leave a bit early?

๋งค์šฐ ์ •์ค‘ํ•จ (๊ฒฉ์‹์  ์ƒํ™ฉ):

  • Would you be able to help me?
  • I wonder if I could borrow this?
  • Would it be possible to leave early?

Could ๋Œ€ Was/Were Able To (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ)

Could (์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ):

  • When I was young, I could run very fast. (had the ability)
  • She could speak French when she lived in Paris. (general skill)
  • We couldn't afford holidays then. (general situation)

Was/were able to (ํŠน์ • ์„ฑ์ทจ):

  • Yesterday I was able to run 10km. (successful specific action)
  • She was able to translate the document. (accomplished the task)
  • We were able to buy a house last year. (achieved the goal)

๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ

Will be able to (ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ):

"After the course, I will be able to use advanced Excel functions."

Might be able to (๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ):

"I might be able to come to the party if I finish work early."

Should be able to (์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ):

"The new system should be able to handle more users."

๋น ๋ฅธ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํฌ์ธํŠธ:

  • Can: ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์  ์š”์ฒญ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ
  • Could: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ, ์ œ์•ˆ, ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ
  • Be able to: ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ, ๊ฒฉ์‹์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค
  • ์ •์ค‘ํ•จ: Could๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฒญ์—์„œ can๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ •์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜: ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—๋Š” 'be able to'๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
  • ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ: 'been able to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , 'can'์ด๋‚˜ 'could'๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
  • ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค: Must be able to, should be able to, might be able to
  • ๊ฒฉ์‹์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ: ์ „๋ฌธ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ 'can'๋ณด๋‹ค 'be able to'๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”
  • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์„ฑ์ทจ: ํŠน์ • ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'could'๋ณด๋‹ค 'Was able to'๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

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Can, Could, Be Able To | ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ