과거형
과거형은 과거에 완료된 행동과 상황에 대해 말할 때 사용됩니다. 영어에서 가장 흔하게 사용되는 시제 중 하나입니다.
과거형은 'be' 동사를 사용하는지 다른 동사를 사용하는지에 따라 다른 형태를 가집니다. 'be' 동사는 두 가지 과거형(was/were)을 가지며, 다른 동사는 규칙적 과거형(-ed로 끝남) 또는 불규칙적 과거형을 사용합니다.
형성
'be'를 사용한 긍정형
'be' 동사는 과거형에서 두 가지 형태를 가집니다: 'was'(I, he, she, it의 경우)와 'were'(you, we, they의 경우).
| 주어 | 'be' 동사 |
|---|---|
| I | was happy yesterday |
| You | were at home last night |
| He/She/It | was tired after work |
| We | were students in 2020 |
| You (plural) | were late for the meeting |
| They | were friends at university |
| The film | was excellent |
'be'를 사용한 부정형
'be'를 사용한 부정문을 만들려면 was/were 다음에 'not'을 추가합니다. 축약형은 일상 영어에서 흔히 사용됩니다.
| 완전형 | 축약형 |
|---|---|
| I was not there | I wasn't there |
| You were not ready | You weren't ready |
| He was not happy | He wasn't happy |
| She was not at the party | She wasn't at the party |
| It was not difficult | It wasn't difficult |
| We were not colleagues | We weren't colleagues |
| They were not pleased | They weren't pleased |
'be'를 사용한 예/아니오 질문
'be'를 사용한 질문을 만들려면 was/were을 주어 앞에 놓습니다.
예문:
- Was I late for the meeting?
- Were you at the concert last night?
- Was he angry about the decision?
- Was she your teacher?
- Was it expensive?
- Were we on the same team?
- Were they at home yesterday?
'be'를 사용한 의문사 질문
의문사 질문은 의문사(who, what, where, when, why, how)로 시작하고, 그 다음에 was/were과 주어가 옵니다.
예문:
- Where was I when you called?
- Why were you absent yesterday?
- Who was he with at the restaurant?
- How was she after the operation?
- What was it like in London?
- When were we supposed to meet?
- Where were they last weekend?
다른 동사를 사용한 긍정형
다른 동사의 경우 과거형을 사용합니다. 규칙 동사는 -ed를 추가하고, 불규칙 동사는 특별한 과거형을 가집니다.
| 부정사 | 과거형 |
|---|---|
| work | I worked late last night |
| play | You played football yesterday |
| go | He went to Paris last week |
| eat | She ate breakfast at 7 o'clock |
| finish | We finished the project on Friday |
| buy | They bought a new car |
| see | I saw that film last month |
다른 동사를 사용한 부정형
부정문을 만들려면 'did not'(didn't) + 동사 원형을 사용합니다.
| 완전형 | 축약형 |
|---|---|
| I did not work yesterday | I didn't work yesterday |
| You did not call me | You didn't call me |
| He did not go to school | He didn't go to school |
| She did not eat lunch | She didn't eat lunch |
| It did not rain | It didn't rain |
| We did not finish on time | We didn't finish on time |
| They did not like the food | They didn't like the food |
다른 동사를 사용한 예/아니오 질문
질문을 만들려면 'Did' + 주어 + 동사 원형을 사용합니다.
예문:
- Did I leave my keys here?
- Did you enjoy the film?
- Did he pass the exam?
- Did she call you yesterday?
- Did it work properly?
- Did we meet last year?
- Did they arrive on time?
다른 동사를 사용한 의문사 질문
의문사로 시작한 다음 'did' + 주어 + 동사 원형을 사용합니다.
예문:
- Where did I put my phone?
- When did you move to London?
- Why did he leave early?
- What did she say?
- How did it happen?
- Who did we invite to the party?
- Where did they go on holiday?
용법
연습 문제
Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.
Downloadable PDF
PDF versions for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the materials and will make them accessible as soon as possible.
관련 레슨
How to use the past simple
Understand when to use the past simple for events, stories, and past facts.
Past Simple or Past Continuous
Learn how to talk about completed actions and actions in progress in the past.
Past Continuous
Learn how to describe actions in progress at a specific moment on the past.
Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple
See when to talk about life experiences vs completed past events.