μκ° νν λ° μμ μΌμΉ κ·μΉ
κ³ κΈ κ°μ νλ² μλ¬μ μμ μΌμΉκ° μ νμ¬νμΈ κ²½μ°μ λ―Έλ¬ν κ·μΉ, λ€μν μκ°μ λ§₯λ½μμ μκ° ννμ΄ λ³νλλ λ°©μ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μλ μ§μ μ μμ¬μν΅ μλλ₯Ό κ°μ₯ μ ν¬μ°©νλ μ λ¬ λμ¬λ₯Ό μ΄ν΄ν΄μΌ ν©λλ€. κ°μ νλ²μ μ΄λ¬ν μ κ΅ν μΈ‘λ©΄μ μ¬λ¬ μκ°λμ κ΄μ μ ν¬ν¨νλ 볡μ‘ν λ³΄κ³ μν©μ μ μνλ©΄μ μλ―Έμ λ―Έλ¬ν¨μ μ μ§νλ μ ννκ³ μμ°μ€λ¬μ΄ μμ¬μν΅μ κ°λ₯νκ² ν©λλ€.
μμ μΌμΉ κ·μΉμ μ μ°μ±μ μΈμ΄ μ¬μ©μ μλμ νΉμ±μ λ°μνλ©°, λ³ν κ·μΉμ κ²½μ§λ μ μ©μ λλλ‘ μλ―Έλ₯Ό νλ¦¬κ² νκ±°λ λΆμμ°μ€λ¬μ΄ λ³΄κ³ λ₯Ό λ§λ€ μ μμ΅λλ€. μλ μμ λ₯Ό μ μ§ν΄μΌ νλ κ²½μ°, νμ€ μμ μΌμΉλ₯Ό μ μ©ν΄μΌ νλ κ²½μ°, λμμ λ³΄κ³ κ΅¬μ‘°λ₯Ό μ νν΄μΌ νλ κ²½μ°λ₯Ό μ΄ν΄νλ©΄ 볡μ‘ν λ³΄κ³ λ§₯λ½μμ μ νμ±κ³Ό μμ°μ€λ¬μμ λͺ¨λ 보쑴νλ μ κ΅ν μμ¬μν΅μ΄ κ°λ₯ν©λλ€.
μκ° νν λ³νκ³Ό μ μ ν μ λ¬ λμ¬μ μ νμ κ°μ νλ²μ κ°μ₯ κ³ κΈ μΈ‘λ©΄μ λνλ΄λ©°, μκ°μ κ΄κ³, νμ©λ‘ μ ν¨μ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ€μν μ λ¬ λμ¬κ° μ λ¬νλ λ―Έλ¬ν μλ―Έ μ°¨μ΄μ λν κΉμ μ΄ν΄κ° νμν©λλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μμμ μλ¬μ 볡μ‘ν μνΈμμ©, μ¬λ¬ κ΄μ , κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ―Έλ¬ν μμ¬μν΅ μλμ λν μ νν μμ¬μν΅μ κ°λ₯νκ² ν©λλ€.
κ³ κΈ κ°μ νλ² κΈ°λ²μ λν μ λ¬Έμ± κ°λ°μ μ κ΅ν νμ μ°λ¬Έμ μμ±νκ³ , μ λ¬Έμ μΈ μΈν°λ·°λ₯Ό μννκ³ , 볡μ‘ν νμμ λ¬Έμννκ³ , 볡μ‘ν μκ° κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ ννκ³ λͺ ννκ² μ λ¬νλ λ₯λ ₯μ ν₯μμν΅λλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μμ€μ μλ¬μ κ³ κΈ νμ κΈμ°κΈ°, λ²λ₯ λ¬Έμ, μ λ리μ¦, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ³΅μ‘ν μμ¬μν΅μ μ ννκ³ λ―Έλ¬ν λ³΄κ³ κ° μ λ’°μ±κ³Ό λͺ νμ±μ μ μ§νλ λ° μ€μν λͺ¨λ μ λ¬Έμ λ§₯λ½μμ νμμ μ λλ€.
μμ μΌμΉκ° μ νμ¬νμΈ κ²½μ°
μ μ°ν μμ μΌμΉ κ·μΉ
μμ μΌμΉκ° μ νμ¬νμΈ μν©:
- μΌλ°μ μΈ μ§λ¦¬μ κ³Όνμ μ¬μ€
- λ³΄κ³ μμ μλ μ¬μ ν μ¬μ€μΈ μ§ν μ€μΈ μν©
- μ¦κ°μ μ΄κ±°λ μ΅κ·Όμ 보κ³
- μ¬μ ν μ ν¨ν λ―Έλ κ³ν
- κ³μλλ μ΅κ΄μ νλ
μμ μΌμΉκ° μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ νμν κ²½μ°:
- 곡μμ μΈ μλ©΄ λ³΄κ³ μ
- λ μ΄μ κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μλ κ³Όκ±° μ¬κ±΄
- λ³κ²½λ μν©
- νμ /μ λ¬Έ κΈμ°κΈ°
- λ²λ₯ λ¬Έμ
ν΅μ¬ μμΉ:
μμ μΌμΉλ₯Ό μ μ©ν μ§ μλλ©΄ μλ μμ λ₯Ό μ μ§ν μ§μ μ νμ μ’ μ’ λ³΄κ³ λ μ λ³΄κ° λ³΄κ³ μμ μ μ¬μ ν κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μκ³ μ¬μ€μΈμ§ μ¬λΆμ νμν 격μμ μμ€μ λ¬λ € μμ΅λλ€.
μμ ν μκ° νν λ³ν
| μ§μ νλ² | κ°μ νλ² | λμμ νν |
|---|---|---|
| now | then / at that time | at that moment |
| today | that day | on that day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day | the day earlier |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day | the day after |
| this week/month/year | that week/month/year | during that period |
| next week/month | the following week/month | the week/month after |
| last week/month | the week/month before | the previous week/month |
| ago (2 days ago) | before (2 days before) | earlier (2 days earlier) |
| here | there | in that place |
| this/these | that/those | the item(s) in question |
reportingVerbsCategories.title
reportingVerbsCategories.neutral.title
- reportingVerbsCategories.neutral.verbs.0
- reportingVerbsCategories.neutral.verbs.1
- reportingVerbsCategories.neutral.verbs.2
- reportingVerbsCategories.neutral.verbs.3
reportingVerbsCategories.strong.title
- reportingVerbsCategories.strong.verbs.0
- reportingVerbsCategories.strong.verbs.1
- reportingVerbsCategories.strong.verbs.2
- reportingVerbsCategories.strong.verbs.3
reportingVerbsCategories.tentativeEmotional.title
- reportingVerbsCategories.tentativeEmotional.verbs.0
- reportingVerbsCategories.tentativeEmotional.verbs.1
- reportingVerbsCategories.tentativeEmotional.verbs.2
- reportingVerbsCategories.tentativeEmotional.verbs.3
격μ μμ€ λ° λ§₯λ½
formalityLevels.formal.title
formalityLevels.formal.features.0
formalityLevels.formal.features.1
formalityLevels.formal.features.2
formalityLevels.formal.features.3
formalityLevels.informal.title
formalityLevels.informal.features.0
formalityLevels.informal.features.1
formalityLevels.informal.features.2
formalityLevels.informal.features.3
νΌν΄μΌ ν κ³ κΈ μ€μ
β She said that she is working there since 2020.
β She said that she had been working there since 2020.
κ³Όκ±° μ°Έμ‘° μμ κΉμ§ κ³μλλ κΈ°κ°μλ μλ£ μμ λ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν©λλ€
β He told me that tomorrow he will finish.
β He told me that the next day he would finish.
μκ° μ°Έμ‘°μ λ―Έλ μμ λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ λ³νν©λλ€
β She said she had lived here and she is happy.
β She said she had lived there and was happy.
μ°κ²°λ μ μ 체μμ μΌκ΄λ μμ λ₯Ό μ μ§ν©λλ€
β The report mentioned that sales improved and will continue to grow.
β The report mentioned that sales had improved and would continue to grow.
곡μ λ³΄κ³ μμ μμ μΌμΉλ₯Ό μΌκ΄λκ² μ μ©ν©λλ€
μμ¬κ²°μ 맀νΈλ¦μ€: μμ μΌμΉ μ μ© μκΈ°
| λ§₯λ½ | μμ μΌμΉ μ μ©? | μ΄μ |
|---|---|---|
| νμ κΈμ°κΈ° | μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ | 곡μμ μΌκ΄μ± νμ |
| μΌλ°μ μ§λ¦¬ | μ νμ¬ν | λ³΄κ³ μ μ¬μ ν μ¬μ€ |
| μ¦κ°μ λ³΄κ³ | μ νμ¬ν | μ΅κ·Ό/νμ¬ κ΄λ ¨μ± |
| λ²λ₯ λ¬Έμ | μ | μ νμ±κ³Ό 격μ |
| μΌμ λν | μ νμ¬ν | μμ°μ€λ¬μ΄ μ μ°μ± |
| λ΄μ€ 보λ | μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ | μ λ¬Έμ κΈ°μ€ |
κ³ κΈ λ³΄κ³ λ₯Ό μν μ€νμΌ κ°μ΄λλΌμΈ
λͺ¨λ² μ¬λ‘:
- μΌκ΄μ±: λ¬Έμ μ 체μμ μμ μΌμΉμ λν λμΌν μ κ·Ό λ°©μ μ μ§
- λͺ νμ±: μλ νμμ μλλ₯Ό μ ννκ² μ λ¬νλ μ λ¬ λμ¬ μ ν
- μ νμ±: μκ° ννμ 체κ³μ μ΄κ³ λ Όλ¦¬μ μΌλ‘ λ³ν
- μμ°μ€λ¬μ΄ νλ¦: μ΄μν λ¬Έμ₯μ λ§λλ κ·μΉμ κΈ°κ³μ μ μ© λ°©μ§
- λ§₯λ½ μΈμ: 격μ μμ€μ μ νν λ μ²μ€κ³Ό λͺ©μ κ³ λ €
- λ€μμ±: λ°λ³΅μ νΌνκ³ λ―Έλ¬ν¨μ λνκΈ° μν΄ λ€μν μ λ¬ λμ¬ μ¬μ©
- μ νμ±: λ³΄κ³ λ§₯λ½μ μ μνλ©΄μ μλ μλ―Έ 보쑴
볡μ‘ν λ³΄κ³ μμ
νμ λ³΄κ³ μ:
Original: ""Our research shows that climate change will significantly impact coastal communities within the next decade.""
Reported: The researchers stated that their research showed climate change would significantly impact coastal communities within the following decade.
λΉμ¦λμ€ νμ:
Original: ""I think we should postpone the launch until next quarter because we need more time for testing.""
Reported: The project manager suggested postponing the launch until the following quarter, arguing that more time was needed for testing.
μΈν°λ·°:
Original: ""I have been working in this field for fifteen years, and I believe my experience makes me the ideal candidate.""
Reported: The applicant mentioned that she had been working in that field for fifteen years and maintained that her experience made her the ideal candidate.
headings.practiceExercises
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Downloadable PDF
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