Past Simple Tense
Past Simple используется для описания завершённых действий и ситуаций в прошлом. Это один из наиболее часто используемых временных форм в английском языке.
Past Simple имеет различные формы в зависимости от того, используется ли глагол 'be' или другие глаголы. Глагол 'be' имеет две формы прошедшего времени (was/were), в то время как другие глаголы используют либо регулярные формы прошедшего времени (заканчивающиеся на -ed), либо неправильные формы прошедшего времени.
Образование
Утвердительная Форма с 'be'
Глагол 'be' имеет две формы в Past Simple: 'was' (для I, he, she, it) и 'were' (для you, we, they).
| Подлежащее | Глагол 'be' |
|---|---|
| I | was happy yesterday |
| You | were at home last night |
| He/She/It | was tired after work |
| We | were students in 2020 |
| You (plural) | were late for the meeting |
| They | were friends at university |
| The film | was excellent |
Отрицательная Форма с 'be'
Чтобы образовать отрицание с 'be', добавьте 'not' после was/were. Сокращения часто используются в разговорном английском.
| Полная Форма | Краткая Форма |
|---|---|
| I was not there | I wasn't there |
| You were not ready | You weren't ready |
| He was not happy | He wasn't happy |
| She was not at the party | She wasn't at the party |
| It was not difficult | It wasn't difficult |
| We were not colleagues | We weren't colleagues |
| They were not pleased | They weren't pleased |
Вопросы Да/Нет с 'be'
Чтобы образовать вопросы с 'be', поместите was/were перед подлежащим.
Примеры:
- Was I late for the meeting?
- Were you at the concert last night?
- Was he angry about the decision?
- Was she your teacher?
- Was it expensive?
- Were we on the same team?
- Were they at home yesterday?
Вопросы с Wh- и 'be'
Вопросы с wh- начинаются с вопросительного слова (who, what, where, when, why, how), за которым следуют was/were и подлежащее.
Примеры:
- Where was I when you called?
- Why were you absent yesterday?
- Who was he with at the restaurant?
- How was she after the operation?
- What was it like in London?
- When were we supposed to meet?
- Where were they last weekend?
Утвердительная Форма с Другими Глаголами
Для других глаголов используйте форму прошедшего времени. Правильные глаголы добавляют -ed, а неправильные глаголы имеют специальные формы прошедшего времени.
| Инфинитив | Past Simple |
|---|---|
| work | I worked late last night |
| play | You played football yesterday |
| go | He went to Paris last week |
| eat | She ate breakfast at 7 o'clock |
| finish | We finished the project on Friday |
| buy | They bought a new car |
| see | I saw that film last month |
Отрицательная Форма с Другими Глаголами
Используйте 'did not' (didn't) + инфинитивная форма глагола для отрицаний.
| Полная Форма | Краткая Форма |
|---|---|
| I did not work yesterday | I didn't work yesterday |
| You did not call me | You didn't call me |
| He did not go to school | He didn't go to school |
| She did not eat lunch | She didn't eat lunch |
| It did not rain | It didn't rain |
| We did not finish on time | We didn't finish on time |
| They did not like the food | They didn't like the food |
Вопросы Да/Нет с Другими Глаголами
Используйте 'Did' + подлежащее + инфинитивная форма глагола для вопросов.
Примеры:
- Did I leave my keys here?
- Did you enjoy the film?
- Did he pass the exam?
- Did she call you yesterday?
- Did it work properly?
- Did we meet last year?
- Did they arrive on time?
Вопросы с Wh- и Другими Глаголами
Начните с вопросительного слова, затем используйте 'did' + подлежащее + инфинитивная форма глагола.
Примеры:
- Where did I put my phone?
- When did you move to London?
- Why did he leave early?
- What did she say?
- How did it happen?
- Who did we invite to the party?
- Where did they go on holiday?
Использование
Практические упражнения
Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.
Downloadable PDF
PDF versions for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the materials and will make them accessible as soon as possible.
Связанные уроки
How to use the past simple
Understand when to use the past simple for events, stories, and past facts.
Past Simple or Past Continuous
Learn how to talk about completed actions and actions in progress in the past.
Past Continuous
Learn how to describe actions in progress at a specific moment on the past.
Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple
See when to talk about life experiences vs completed past events.