How to use the First Conditional
The first conditional is English's most practical conditional form, used to talk about real possibilities and probable future outcomes. Unlike the zero conditional which deals with certainties, the first conditional expresses what will likely happen if certain conditions are met, making it essential for discussing plans, predictions, and realistic future scenarios.
Formed with if + present simple followed by will + base verb, this conditional bridges the gap between present conditions and future results. It's the conditional of realistic possibility, perfect for making plans, offering advice, discussing consequences, and expressing what you believe will probably happen based on current circumstances.
What makes the first conditional powerful is its relevance to daily life and decision-making. Whether you're planning activities dependent on weather, discussing career consequences, making promises, or warning about potential problems, this conditional helps you express the logical connections between present actions and future outcomes.
Mastering the first conditional gives you the ability to think aloud about the future, discuss realistic scenarios, and help others understand the likely consequences of their choices with confidence and clarity.
Formation
Structure
If + present simple, will + base verb
The condition is in present simple, the result uses will + base verb
Standard Form:
- If it rains, we will stay indoors.
- If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
- If she calls, I will answer immediately.
- If we leave now, we will arrive on time.
Reversed Order:
- We will stay indoors if it rains.
- You will pass the exam if you study hard.
- I will answer immediately if she calls.
- We will arrive on time if we leave now.
Alternative Forms
Modal Alternatives:
- If it rains, we can stay inside.
- If you're late, you might miss the bus.
- If she agrees, we should proceed.
Imperative Results:
- If you see him, tell him to call me.
- If it gets cold, put on your coat.
- If you finish early, help the others.
Going to Future:
- If it's sunny, we're going to have a picnic.
- If she passes, she's going to celebrate.
- If they arrive late, I'm going to be annoyed.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
✗ "If I will see him, I will tell him."
✓ "If I see him, I will tell him."
Don't use 'will' in the if-clause - use present simple
✗ "If it will rain, we will stay home."
✓ "If it rains, we will stay home."
The condition clause must be in present simple, not future
✗ "If you study hard, you pass the exam."
✓ "If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
The result clause needs 'will' for first conditional
✗ "If she comes, I would be happy."
✓ "If she comes, I will be happy."
Don't mix first and second conditional forms
Useful Time Expressions
In the Condition:
- If you finish early...
- If it's sunny tomorrow...
- If she arrives on time...
- If we get there by 5 p.m....
In the Result:
- ...we will leave soon afterwards.
- ...I'll call you immediately.
- ...they will be here within an hour.
- ...we'll finish by next Friday.
Expressing Different Probability Levels
High Probability:
"If it rains tomorrow, we will definitely cancel the barbecue."
Medium Probability:
"If she studies hard, she will probably pass the exam."
Lower Probability:
"If we hurry, we might catch the last train."
Possibility:
"If you ask nicely, she may help you with the project."
Quick Reference Guide
Remember:
- Formation: If + present simple, will + base verb
- Purpose: Real possibilities and probable future outcomes
- Probability: 50-90% - good chance of happening
- Time: Condition is now/general, result is future
- Alternatives: Can use other modals (can, might, may) instead of will
- No will in if-clause: Never use 'will' after 'if' in first conditional
- Comma rule: Use comma when if-clause comes first