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被动语态完整指南

被动语态是英语最精妙的语法结构之一，它让您能够将焦点从执行动作的人转移到接受动作的对象或发生的事情。通过将主动句的宾语转换为被动句的主语，这种结构改变了强调点，创造了正式的语气，并为所有英语水平的复杂交流需求提供了外交性的语言。

理解所有时态中的被动语态能让您以更高的复杂度、正式性和精确性进行交流。从一般现在时的简单描述到复杂的将来完成进行时的预测，被动语态结构允许您客观地呈现信息，避免直接分配责任，并创造学术、专业和官方语境中所需的正式语域。

被动语态具有多种重要功能：突出结果而非施动者，在正式写作中保持客观语气，外交性地呈现信息，关注过程而非人员，以及创造句子结构的多样性。每个时态都带来独特的能力，用于在保持被动焦点的同时表达时间关系。

掌握所有时态中的被动语态代表着高级英语水平，使您能够撰写复杂的学术论文、专业报告、正式交流和复杂的分析文件，同时展示对英语最正式和客观的语法结构的完全掌握。

理解被动语态

基本概念

主动语态：

主语 + 动词 + 宾语

焦点：谁执行动作

  • The chef cooks the meal.
  • Scientists discovered the planet.
  • The team will complete the project.

被动语态：

主语 + be + 过去分词 (+ by 施动者)

焦点：发生什么/接受动作

  • The meal is cooked (by the chef).
  • The planet was discovered (by scientists).
  • The project will be completed (by the team).

各时态的构成模式

各时态的构成模式

时态被动语态构成例句
一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词The letter is written
现在进行时am/is/are + being + 过去分词The letter is being written
现在完成时has/have + been + 过去分词The letter has been written
一般过去时was/were + 过去分词The letter was written
过去进行时was/were + being + 过去分词The letter was being written
过去完成时had + been + 过去分词The letter had been written
一般将来时will + be + 过去分词The letter will be written
将来进行时will + be + being + 过去分词The letter will be being written
将来完成时will + have + been + 过去分词The letter will have been written
将来完成进行时will + have + been + being + 过去分词The letter will have been being written

何时使用被动语态

常见错误

常见错误

遗漏'be'动词：

✗ "The letter written yesterday."

✓ "The letter was written yesterday."

✗ "The house building now."

✓ "The house is being built now."

使用错误的过去分词形式：

✗ "The book was wrote in 2010."

✓ "The book was written in 2010."

✗ "The car has been stole."

✓ "The car has been stolen."

过度使用被动语态：

✗ "The door was opened by me, the lights were turned on by me, and my coat was hung up by me."

✓ "I opened the door, turned on the lights, and hung up my coat."

注意：对于简单的个人动作，主动语态更清晰。

错误的时态一致：

✗ "The report is being written yesterday."

✓ "The report was being written yesterday."

✗ "The project will been completed."

✓ "The project will be completed."

被动语态中的疑问句和否定句

被动语态中的疑问句

结构：Be/助动词 + 主语 + 过去分词？

例句：

  • Is the house being renovated?（现在进行时）
  • Was the package delivered?（一般过去时）
  • Has the decision been made?（现在完成时）
  • Will the project be completed on time?（一般将来时）

被动语态中的否定句

结构：主语 + be/助动词 + not + 过去分词

例句：

  • The email was not sent.（一般过去时）
  • The report has not been finished.（现在完成时）
  • The meeting will not be held.（一般将来时）
  • The decision had not been made.（过去完成时）

正式与非正式用法

正式语境（更多使用被动语态）：

  • 学术写作："The hypothesis was tested extensively"
  • 商业报告："Profits have been increased by 15%"
  • 科学论文："The sample was analysed using advanced methods"
  • 新闻报道："Three suspects were arrested yesterday"
  • 官方文件："New policies will be implemented next month"

非正式语境（更多使用主动语态）：

  • 个人对话："I finished my homework"
  • 讲故事："She opened the door and saw..."
  • 指示："Turn left at the traffic lights"
  • 给朋友的邮件："We completed the project yesterday"
  • 个人叙述："I learned a lot from that experience"

掌握被动语态的策略

循序渐进的方法：

  1. 首先掌握一般现在时的被动语态
  2. 系统地学习过去分词
  3. 练习主动语态到被动语态的转换
  4. 专注于何时使用与何时不使用
  5. 学习正式文本的例子
  6. 逐步进展到复杂时态

常见学习建议：

  • 定期阅读学术文章和新闻文章
  • 注意正式文本中的被动语态
  • 练习双向转换句子
  • 关注意义和强调的变化
  • 记住不规则过去分词
  • 在正式写作任务中使用被动语态

练习题


Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.


Downloadable PDF


PDF versions for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the materials and will make them accessible as soon as possible.

被动语态完整指南 | 语法指南