一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态是英语最有用的语法结构之一，它允许你将焦点从谁执行动作转移到发生了什么或什么接受了动作。通过 am/is/are + 过去分词构成，这种结构通过使宾语成为主语来转换主动句，对相同的信息创造出不同的强调和视角。
被动语态特别有价值的地方在于它能够突出结果、过程和事实，而不必提及谁执行了动作。这使得它在正式写作、科学描述、新闻报道以及动作本身比执行者更重要的情况下必不可少，或者当执行者未知、显而易见或无关紧要时。
被动语态还允许使用更正式、客观和委婉的语言。它不直接说明谁犯了错误或谁造成了问题，而是能够更巧妙地呈现信息，同时保持清晰和准确。这使得它在专业交流、学术写作和礼貌对话中非常宝贵。
理解何时以及如何有效使用被动语态将提升你的英语水平，使你的交流更加精致，并允许你在口语和书面英语中改变句子结构，以获得更好的流畅性、强调和风格。
构成
结构
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + (by + 施动者)
主语接受动作，施动者（执行者）可以省略或用'by'来提及
主动语态转被动语态的例子：
主动语态：
The teacher explains the lesson.
被动语态：
The lesson is explained (by the teacher).
主动语态：
People speak English worldwide.
被动语态：
English is spoken worldwide.
所有形式：
- I am invited to the party.
- You are expected to arrive early.
- He/She/It is made in Italy.
- We are told to wait here.
- They are paid weekly.
否定式和疑问式
肯定式：
- The cake is baked daily.
- Letters are delivered at 9am.
- This brand is trusted globally.
否定式：
- The cake is not baked today.
- Letters aren't delivered on Sundays.
- This brand isn't trusted here.
疑问式：
- Is the cake baked fresh?
- Are letters delivered today?
- Where is this brand made?
所有条件句中的常见错误
✗ The letter written yesterday.
✓ The letter was written yesterday.
不要忘记'be'的形式（am/is/are）- 被动语态需要它。
✗ English is speak worldwide.
✓ English is spoken worldwide.
使用过去分词形式，而不是动词原形。
✗ The cake are baked fresh.
✓ The cake is baked fresh.
动词必须与主语一致（单数'cake'需要'is'）。
✗ The book is wrote in 2010.
✓ The book was written in 2010.
使用正确的不规则过去分词（written，而不是wrote）。
主动语态与被动语态：如何选择
使用主动语态的情况：
- 执行者重要或有趣
- 你想要直接、清晰的交流
- 非正式或对话式写作
- 主语已知且相关
例子："Shakespeare wrote Hamlet"（强调莎士比亚）
使用被动语态的情况：
- 动作/结果更重要
- 执行者未知或不重要
- 正式或科学写作
- 你想避免指责
例子："Hamlet is performed worldwide"（强调戏剧）
被动语态的关键过去分词
规则动词：
- clean → cleaned
- repair → repaired
- deliver → delivered
- publish → published
常见不规则动词：
- make → made
- write → written
- speak → spoken
- build → built
相同形式：
- cut → cut
- put → put
- cost → cost
- hurt → hurt
快速参考指南
记住：
- 构成： am/is/are + 过去分词
- 焦点： 发生什么，而不是谁做的
- 语气： 比主动语态更正式和客观
- 施动者： 可以省略或用'by'提及
- 疑问句： 将am/is/are移到主语前面
- 否定句： 在am/is/are后面加'not'
- 一致： am/is/are必须与主语一致
练习题
Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.
Downloadable PDF
PDF versions for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the materials and will make them accessible as soon as possible.