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使用Who、Which、That的限定性关系从句

限定性关系从句是英语中用于识别的精确工具,使您能够准确指定您所谈论的人、事物或地点,而无需使用单独的句子。这些必不可少的从句提供了识别或定义它们所修饰的名词的关键信息,使您的交流更加具体、高效和精致。

由who、which和that等关系代词构成的限定性关系从句直接附着在名词上,成为句子结构不可分割的一部分。与非限定性从句不同,它们不使用逗号,因为它们提供的信息对于理解您所指的具体事物至关重要。它们通过提供识别细节来回答"哪一个?"的问题。

使限定性关系从句特别强大的是它们能够将多个想法组合成单一流畅的句子,同时保持清晰度。与其说"I met a woman. The woman spoke five languages",您可以优雅地组合这些想法:"I met a woman who spoke five languages."这创造了更精致、更自然的英语。

掌握限定性关系从句将把您的英语从基本的、断断续续的句子转变为流畅的专业交流。它们对于描述人的品质、解释事物的功能以及在许多可能性中识别特定项目至关重要,使您的演讲和写作听起来更自然流畅。

构成

结构

Main clause + relative pronoun + defining information

关系从句提供识别名词的必要信息

Who(用于人):

  • The teacher who lives next door is very kind.
  • Students who study hard get better results.
  • Anyone who wants tickets should book early.

Which(用于事物):

  • The book which you lent me was brilliant.
  • Cars which use less fuel are popular.
  • The house which we visited was for sale.

That(用于人/事物):

  • The man that called you has left a message.
  • The film that we saw was incredible.
  • Everything that you need is here.

主格与宾格关系代词

主格(执行动作):

The woman speaks French. She lives here.

The woman who lives here speaks French.

The car broke down. It was very old.

The car that was very old broke down.

宾格(接受动作):

I met a woman. You recommended her.

I met the woman (who) you recommended.

The book was brilliant. I read it.

The book (that) I read was brilliant.

要避免的常见错误

❌ "The man, who called you, has left."

✅ "The man who called you has left."

不要在限定性关系从句中使用逗号——信息是必不可少的

❌ "The book what I read was brilliant."

✅ "The book that I read was brilliant."

使用'that'、'which'或省略代词——永远不要在关系从句中使用'what'

❌ "The woman who she lives next door is kind."

✅ "The woman who lives next door is kind."

不要在关系代词后用代词重复主语

❌ "The people which work here are friendly."

✅ "The people who work here are friendly."

对人使用'who',对事物使用'which',或对两者使用'that'

何时可以省略关系代词

宾格代词可以省略:

The book (that) I read was brilliant.

The woman (who) you met is my sister.

The car (which) we bought is reliable.

Everything (that) you said was true.

主格代词不能省略:

The woman who lives next door is kind. (Cannot omit 'who')

The car that broke down was old. (Cannot omit 'that')

在That、Which和Who之间选择

Who:

  • 仅用于人
  • 主格或宾格
  • 比'that'更正式
  • 作为主语时不能省略

Which:

  • 仅用于事物
  • 主格或宾格
  • 比'that'更正式
  • 在非限定性从句中必需

That:

  • 人或事物
  • 更非正式/口语化
  • 在最高级后优先使用
  • 永远不在非限定性从句中使用

限定性与非限定性:快速比较

限定性(必要信息):

  • 无逗号
  • 识别哪一个
  • 不能删除
  • 可以使用'that'

"The student who studies hard will succeed."

非限定性(额外信息):

  • 使用逗号
  • 添加额外信息
  • 可以删除
  • 不能使用'that'

"My brother, who lives in Spain, is a teacher."

快速参考指南

记住:

  • 目的:识别您所指的特定的人或事物
  • 逗号:永远不要在限定性关系从句中使用逗号
  • 必要性:信息不能在不改变意思的情况下删除
  • 代词:who(人)、which(事物)、that(两者)
  • 省略:宾格代词可以在非正式讲话中省略
  • 主语:作为主语的关系代词不能省略
  • 位置:紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面

Practice Exercises


Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.


Downloadable PDF


PDF versions for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the materials and will make them accessible as soon as possible.