非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句是英语中为已经被清楚识别的人、地点和事物添加额外信息的优雅方式。与限定性定语从句不同,这些从句提供的是可以被删除而不改变句子基本含义的额外信息。它们是在保持语法精确性的同时添加描述性细节的精妙工具。
用逗号标记并且只使用who和which(绝不用that),非限定性定语从句创造了一种更正式、更文学性的语气,这在学术写作、新闻报道和专业交流中是必不可少的。它们允许你提供额外的背景、背景信息或有趣的细节而不需要创建单独的句子,从而产生更精妙、更流畅的文章。
非限定性定语从句特别有价值的原因在于它们能够在保持清晰度的同时用描述性丰富性增强你的写作。它们让你能够描绘更完整的人物和情境图景,提供帮助读者理解背景和关系的语境,并展示提升你交流风格的高级英语语法掌握能力。
掌握非限定性定语从句将把你的英语从基本交流转变为精妙表达。它们是有教养的正式写作和口语的标志,使你能够提供细致入微的信息,并创造出以专业和学术话语为特征的详细而流畅的句子。
构成
结构
Main clause , relative pronoun + extra information , continuation
逗号将额外信息与主句分开
Who (用于人):
- My brother, who lives in Spain, is a teacher.
- Shakespeare, who wrote Hamlet, died in 1616.
- The Prime Minister, who was elected last year, visited today.
Which (用于物):
- London, which is the capital, has 9 million people.
- The iPhone, which Apple launched in 2007, changed technology.
- My car, which I bought last month, is very reliable.
与限定性定语从句的主要区别
非限定性 (额外信息):
My sister, who lives in Paris, is a doctor.
↳ 我只有一个姐姐/妹妹
The Eiffel Tower, which was built in 1889, is famous.
↳ 只有一座埃菲尔铁塔
限定性 (必要信息):
My sister who lives in Paris is a doctor.
↳ 我有多个姐姐/妹妹
Students who study hard succeed.
↳ 不是所有学生,只有努力学习的学生
关键标点规则
1. 始终使用逗号:
Paris, which is the capital of France, is beautiful.
2. 绝不使用'that':
✅ London, which is expensive, attracts tourists.
❌ London, that is expensive, attracts tourists.
3. 不能省略关系代词:
✅ The book, which I read yesterday, was brilliant.
❌ The book, I read yesterday, was brilliant.
要避免的常见错误
❌ "My brother who lives in Spain is a teacher."
✅ "My brother, who lives in Spain, is a teacher."
当给出关于已经被识别的某人的额外信息时使用逗号
❌ "London, that is expensive, attracts tourists."
✅ "London, which is expensive, attracts tourists."
在非限定性定语从句中绝不使用'that' - 只用'who'和'which'
❌ "The book, I read yesterday, was brilliant."
✅ "The book, which I read yesterday, was brilliant."
在非限定性定语从句中不能省略关系代词
❌ "Shakespeare, who he wrote Hamlet, died in 1616."
✅ "Shakespeare, who wrote Hamlet, died in 1616."
不要在关系代词后用代词重复主语
发音和语调
非限定性定语从句有不同的语调:
- 定语从句用较低的音调
- 在逗号处稍作停顿
- 从句后返回正常音调
语调模式示例:
My brother, (lower pitch) who lives in Spain, (normal pitch) is a teacher.
限定性与非限定性:何时使用每种
使用限定性定语从句当:
- 你需要识别是哪一个
- 有多种可能性
- 信息是必要的
- 删除它会改变意思
"The students who study hard pass. (不是所有学生)"
使用非限定性定语从句当:
- 人/物已经很清楚
- 添加额外信息
- 信息有趣但不是必要的
- 删除它不改变核心意思
"The students, who are very dedicated, passed. (所有学生)"
正式写作技巧
学术写作:
使用非限定性定语从句添加引文、日期和学术语境而不打断流程。
新闻报道:
非常适合在新闻报道中添加关于人物的背景信息。
商务写作:
有助于提供公司信息、职位头衔和专业语境。
创意写作:
创造精妙的句子并帮助构建人物和场景描述。
快速参考指南
记住:
- 目的: 为已经被识别的名词添加额外信息
- 逗号: 始终使用逗号分隔从句
- 代词: 只用'who'(人)和'which'(物) - 绝不用'that'
- 删除测试: 没有从句的句子必须仍然有意义
- 不能省略: 关系代词不能被省略
- 语调: 较低音调和逗号处的轻微停顿
- 正式性: 比限定性定语从句更正式和文学性
- 位置: 通常紧跟在名词后面,但可以在末尾
Practice Exercises
Quizzes for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the question set and will publish it as soon as possible.
Downloadable PDF
PDF versions for this lesson will be available soon. We are currently preparing the materials and will make them accessible as soon as possible.