'be'のPresent Simple
動詞'be'は英語の中で特別な存在です。他の動詞とは異なり、Present Simpleでは形が完全に変わります。am、is、areの3つの形があります。
'be'をマスターすれば、Present Simpleの他の動詞を学ぶ準備が整います。
'be'のPresent Simpleの作り方
肯定文
動詞'be'にはPresent Simpleで3つの形があります：am、is、are。どの形を使うかは主語によって決まります。
| 主語 | 完全形 | 短縮形 |
|---|---|---|
| I | I am | I'm |
| you | you are | you're |
| he / she / it | he is / she is / it is | he's / she's / it's |
| we | we are | we're |
| they | they are | they're |
例文：
- I am a teacher.
- She is from Germany.
- They are happy.
- We're students.
- It's cold today.
否定文
否定文を作るには、動詞の後に'not'を加えます。ほとんどの主語には2つの短縮形があります。
| 主語 | 完全形 | 短縮形 |
|---|---|---|
| I | I am not | I'm not |
| you | you are not | you aren't / you're not |
| he / she / it | he is not / she is not / it is not | he isn't / she isn't / it isn't |
| we | we are not | we aren't / we're not |
| they | they are not | they aren't / they're not |
例文：
- I'm not tired.
- He isn't at home.
- They aren't ready.
- We're not late.
- It isn't expensive.
疑問文
疑問文では、am / is / areを主語の前に置きます。
| am/is/are | 主語 | 文の残り |
|---|---|---|
| Am | I | late? |
| Are | you | ready? |
| Is | he / she / it | here? |
| Are | we | on time? |
| Are | they | students? |
例文：
- Are you OK?
- Is she from Spain?
- Are they at school?
- Am I right?
- Is it difficult?
短い答え方
短い答え方では、'Yes, [主語] + am/is/are'または'No, [主語] + am not/isn't/aren't'を使います。肯定の短い答えでは短縮形を使いません。
- Are you ready? – Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
- Is he here? – Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
- Are they students? – Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Wh-疑問文
疑問詞（who、what、where、when、why、how）を文の最初に加えます。
| 疑問詞 | am/is/are | 主語 | 残り |
|---|---|---|---|
| Where | are | you | from? |
| What | is | your name | ? |
| Who | is | that | ? |
| Why | are | they | late? |
| How | is | she | ? |
例文：
- Where are you from?
- What is your name?
- Who is that man?
- Why are they angry?
- How old is your brother?
Present Simpleで'be'をいつ使うのか？
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