すべての動詞の一般現在時
一般現在時は英語の中で最も一般的な時制の一つです。私たちは非常に頻繁に使用するため、よく理解することが重要です。
注意：動詞'be'は異なり、別のレッスンで扱われています。このレッスンは他のすべての動詞に焦点を当てています。
多くの学習者は、特に否定文と疑問文に関しては、この形を混乱させて見つけます。この時制がどのように構成されているかを段階的に見てみましょう。
一般現在時の作り方
肯定文
ほとんどの動詞について、一般現在時の形は単純です。基本形はI、you、we、theyに使用されます。he、she、itについて、-sまたは-esを追加します。
| 主語 | 形 (play) |
|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | play |
| he / she / it | plays |
| I / you / we / they | work |
| he / she / it | works |
| he / she / it | goes (不規則) |
⚠️ スペルルール
he/she/itの動詞に-sまたは-esを追加する場合、これらのスペルルールに従います：
- ほとんどの動詞：-sを追加
work → works, play → plays, read → reads - -ch、-sh、-ss、-x、-z、-oで終わる動詞：-esを追加
watch → watches, wash → washes, kiss → kisses, fix → fixes, buzz → buzzes, go → goes, do → does - 子音 + yで終わる動詞：yをiに変更して-esを追加
study → studies, try → tries, fly → flies, carry → carries - 母音 + yで終わる動詞：単に-sを追加
play → plays, enjoy → enjoys, say → says - 不規則動詞：have → has
have → has
例文：
- I play football every weekend.
- She works in London.
- They live in a big house.
- He studies English.
- We love pizza.
否定文
否定文を作るには、do not (don't) またはdoes not (doesn't) を使用します。主動詞は基本形に戻ります。
| 主語 | 形 |
|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | do not play (don't play) |
| he / she / it | does not play (doesn't play) |
| I / you / we / they | do not work (don't work) |
| he / she / it | does not work (doesn't work) |
| I / you / we / they | do not go (don't go) |
例文：
- I don't like coffee.
- She doesn't work on Sundays.
- They don't live here.
- He doesn't study French.
- We don't eat meat.
疑問文
主語の前にdoまたはdoesを使用します。主動詞は基本形に戻ります。
| do/does | 主語 | 動詞 |
|---|---|---|
| Do | I / you / we / they | play? |
| Does | he / she / it | play? |
| Do | you | work? |
| Does | she | work? |
| Do | they | live here? |
例文：
- Do you like coffee?
- Does she work in London?
- Do they live near you?
- Does he study English?
- Do we need tickets?
短い答え方
短い答え方では、'Yes, [主語] + do/does' または'No, [主語] + don't/doesn't'を使用します。主動詞は繰り返しません。
- Do you like coffee? – Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
- Does she work here? – Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
- Do they live nearby? – Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
Wh-疑問文
疑問詞（who、what、where、when、why、how）を質問の最初に追加します。
| 疑問詞 | do/does | 主語 | 動詞 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Where | do | you | live? |
| What | does | she | do? |
| When | do | they | arrive? |
| Why | does | he | study English? |
| How | do | you | know? |
例文：
- Where do you live?
- What does she do?
- When do they arrive?
- Why does he study English?
- How do you know that?
一般現在時はいつ使うのか？
練習問題
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